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Bergamot oil may be less safe as a skin treatment since it can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Further research is needed. Used in cosmetics and perfume products, bergamot may cause skin irritation. Learn more Studies have suggested that glomerular injuries and hemodynamic abnormalities of the kidney may by directly caused by interaction of oxidized LDL with mesangial cells Wheeler et al., 1994. C-glucoside flavonoids identified in bergamot include apigenin 6,8-di-C-glucoside, diometin 6,8-di-C-glucoside, lucenin2, vicenin2, stellarin2, lucenin240methyl ether, scoparin, and orientin 40methyl ether; Flavone Oglycosides identified in bergamot include brutieridin, melitidin, rhoifolin 40Oglucoside, chrysoeriol 7Oneohesperidoside40Oglucoside, diosmin, rhoifolin, chrysoeriol 7Oneohesperidoside, narirutin, and neodiosmin. Bergamot decreased cIMT from 1.2 mm 0.4 to 0.9 mm 0.1 (p < 0.0001). Regarding the mechanism of action there are several possible mechanisms that may be responsible for improving cholesterol lab values including activation of AMPK and inhibition of pancreatic cholesterol ester hydrolase (pCEH). Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Bergamot Essential Oils on Different Listeria Monocytogenes Strains. Hand pressed bergamot juice was administered to Wistar rats weighing 180 to 200 grams while being administered a high cholesterol diet [28]. All Rights Reserved Design & Developed By:: RINJAcom, For enquary We can help:: +233 (0) 24-611-9999. Before in all areas. Similar results were observed with BPF Phyto: it decreased total cholesterol from 261 to 198, LDL cholesterol from 174 to 113, and triglycerides from 252 to 173. Both formulations were able to show an increase in HDL cholesterol with BPF increasing HDL from 44 to 48 and BPF Phyto from 44 to 50. Genetic research into the ancestral origins of extant citrus cultivars found bergamot orange to be a probable hybrid of lemon and bitter orange. The authors do not declare any conflicts of interest, National Library of Medicine You can also use water, but it may not dissolve as well. The bergamot fruit also contains flavonoids that include neoeriocitrin, naringin and neohesperidin among many others that have been of interest for their cardiovascular benefits. Taken together, these early clinical trials along with the mechanistic studies that have been performed suggest that bergamot can reduce total cholesterol and LDL-C through mechanisms that are distinct from current pharmaceutical approaches. Given the documented benefits of lowering LDL-C, triglycerides, and total cholesterol, additional dietary and phytochemical approaches should be investigated as alternative methods to reducing indices of hyperlipidemia. Naringin has an antiatherogenic effect with the inhibition of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in hypercholesterolemic rabbits, Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany). [4][5] Use on the skin can increase photosensitivity, resulting in greater damage from sun exposure. One hundred bergamot oranges yield about three ounces (85g) of bergamot oil. Rival products from Brazil and Mexico came on to the market as a substitute, but these were produced from other citrus fruits such as sweet lime.[14]. Total cholesterol was reduced by 20% (500 mg of bergamot) and 30.9% (1,000 mg of bergamot). [4] In the past, psoralen extracted from bergamot oil was used in tanning accelerators and sunscreens. In vivo studies have reported that oral administration of bergamot juice can reduce blood cholesterol and improve the atherogenic index in mice. 2005 - 2019 WebMD LLC. [4] Use on the skin may be unsafe, particularly for children and pregnant women, and may cause rashes resulting from photodermatotoxicity.[4]. Pre-treatment of rats with the non-volatile fraction of bergamot reduced free radical formation and Lectin-like oxyLDL receptor-1 (LOX-1). It is also grown in southern France[10] and the Ivory Coast for the essential oil and in Antalya in southern Turkey for its marmalade. Scientists have found that bergamot might protect the joints in people taking aromatase inhibitors as part of cancer treatment. In Italian traditional medicine the bergamot has been used to treat or cure a variety of symptoms that include fever, sore throat, mouth and skin infections, and infections of the respiratory system and the urinary tract [1]. Be particularly cautious about using it if you take a medication that can make you more sensitive to the sun, such as amitriptyline, ciprofloxacin, or tetracycline. After 12 weeks, a reduction compared to baseline was observed with LDL (8%), total cholesterol (4%), triglycerides (34%), oxidized LDL (6%) and an increase in HDL (54%) occurred. This key intermediate in cholesterol metabolism is essential for de novo cholesterol synthesis. The bergamot is a citrus fruit native to southern Italy with traditional uses that include improving immune response and cardiovascular function. Several constituents including naringin, neoeriocitrin, and rutin from the bergamot have been reported to lower the oxidation of LDL particles. The tree Citrus bergamia belonging to the Rutaceae family is found in the Calabria region specifically, due to its unique climate that is suitable for its growth. Its important to monitor those levels if you choose to use bergamot supplements. Cirmi S, Bisignano C, Mandalari G, Navarra M. Anti-infective potential of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau (bergamot) derivatives: a systematic review. The main flavonoids identified in the present study were 1) neoeriocitrin (370 ppm), 2) naringin (520 ppm), and 3) neohesperidin (310 ppm). [5] However, in Mauritius where it is grown on a small-scale basis, it is largely consumed as juice by the locals. Pu P, Gao DM, Mohamed S, Chen J, Zhang J, Zhou XY, Zhou NJ, Xie J, Jiang H. Naringin ameliorates metabolic syndrome by activating AMP-activated protein kinase in mice fed a high-fat diet, Naringin Activates AMPK Resulting in Altered Expression of SREBPs, PCSK9, and LDLR To Reduce Body Weight in Obese C57BL/6J Mice. Both doses of rosuvastatin and BPF reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and urinary mevalonate. The .gov means its official. Animals were divided into three groups as follows: 1) normolipidemic control rats on a standard diet 2) hypercholesterolemic diet for 30 days and 3) hypercholesterolemic diet for 30 days receiving 1 mL of bergamot juice daily for 30 days. ", "Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application", Bergamot by Citrus Variety Collection of the UCR, BBC news story on the farming of Bergamot in the Calabria region of Italy, University of California Citrus Experiment Station, University of California, Riverside Citrus Variety Collection, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bergamot_orange&oldid=1093999778, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Italian-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 20 June 2022, at 04:48. Those are all in the mint family, and are named for their similar aroma. Bergamot juice (1 mL) was found to significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) levels compared to hyperlipidemic controls (4.10 0.10 nmol/mg protein and 4.78 0.15 nmol/mg protein, respectively). In several patch test studies, application of some sources of bergamot oil directly to the skin of guinea pigs was shown to have a concentration-dependent phototoxic effect of increasing redness after exposure to ultraviolet light (due to the chemical bergapten, and possibly also citropten, bergamottin, geranial, and neral). A decrease in the small dense LDL-3, 4, and 5 particles (from 14.5% 0.1% to 9.0% 0.1% p < 0.0001; 3.2% 0.1% to 1.5% 0.1% p = 0.0053; 0.3% 0.0% to 0.1% 0.0% p = 0.0133, respectively). All rights reserved. Although generally too sour to eat on its own, its been part of the Mediterranean diet since the early 18th century. 2019 Mar; 6(2): 10.15761/IFNM.1000249. Experts recommend that you stop using bergamot supplements two weeks before you have surgery. Oxidized LDL leads to vasoconstriction mediated by the inflammatory thromboxane A2 [21]. An in vivo study evaluated the impact of bergamot on injured blood vessels following angioplasty in rats [20]. Activation of AMPK by small molecules improves glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, blood pressure and insulin resistance and is one of the proposed mechanisms of metformin. The results of this study suggest a combination of rosuvastatin and BPF were safe when taken together for 30 days. In addition, ROS can induce the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO) and is associated with neointima formation. The subjects received 150 mg of bergamot flavonoids (standardized to contain 16% neoeriocitrin, 47% neohesperidin, and 37% naringin) daily for 6 months. Clinical observations of this study suggest the F105 extract was safe and efficacious in lowering of lipid biomarkers. The three most common pharmacological approaches to lowering hypercholesterolemia include bile acid sequestrants, statins, and inhibitors of cholesterol absorption (i.e. This makes HMG-CoA a valuable target for reducing cholesterol levels. Changes in levels of lipoprotein(a), triglycerides, and HDL were observed, however, they were not statistically significant. Miceli N, Mondello MR, Monforte MT, Sdrafkakis V, Dugo P, Crupi ML, Taviano MF, De Pasquale R, Trovato A. Hypolipidemic effects of Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau juice in rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet. A study by Sui et al revealed that naringin activates AMPK altering the expression of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs), and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) [27]. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. control group) 2) naringin and 3) lovastatin [18]. Because many people use bergamot as an aromatherapy ingredient, its relatively easy to find bergamot oil wherever you shop for essential oils. Dugo P, Presti ML, Ohman M, Fazio A, Dugo G, Mondello L. Determination of flavonoids in citrus juices by micro-HPLC-ESI/MS. A blend of the sour orange and lemon (or citron) plant, bergamot produces a fruit that looks like a round lemon. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, COVID Robs Millions of Sense of Smell, Taste, U.S. Nears Top Spot in Global Monkeypox Cases, Diets Heavy in 'Ultra-Processed' Foods Could Harm the Brain, Some CBD Creams, Patches Don't Match Labels, Dr. Whyte's Book: Take Control of Your Diabetes Risk, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, Becoming a Vegetarian: Foods to Choose From. hyperlipidemia) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total blood cholesterol, and triglycerides. Caristi C, Bellocco E, Panzera V, Toscano G, Vadala R, Leuzzi U. Flavonoids detection by HPLC-DAD-MS-MS in lemon juices from Sicilian cultivars, Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. One citrus fruit in particular that has gained attention for improving health outcomes is the bergamot (Citrus bergamia) [1]. Dyslipidemia is evidenced by increased concentrations (i.e. Placebo tablet had no active ingredient, 77 (n=15 received placebo, n=16 received low Rosuvastatin, n=16 received high Rosuvastatin, n=15 received BPF, n=15 received BPF + Rosuvastatin). Mild side effects. One study shows that taking bergamot supplements may help people with schizophrenia think more clearly. The bergamot polyphenol fraction decreased total cholesterol from 262 to 196, LDL cholesterol from 175 to 116, and triglycerides from 252 to 170. (), Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi, "Phylogenetic origin of limes and lemons revealed by cytoplasmic and nuclear markers", "Citrus genus plants contain N-methylated tryptamine derivatives and their 5-hydroxylated forms", "Bergamot Orange - Citrus aurantium ssp bergamia", "Reellerin gzdesi, Bergamut(The most prominent marmalade: Bergamot)", "Decreto 15 novembre 2005 Designazione della Stazione sperimentale per le industrie delle essenze e dei derivati degli agrumi quale autorit pubblica, incaricata di effettuare i controlli sulla denominazione di origine protetta "Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria", registrata in ambito Unione europea, ai sensi del regolamento (CEE) n. 2081/92", Three generations of Turkish delight in Southern California, "Modification of ultraviolet carcinogenesis by photoactive agents", "Should subjects who used psoralen suntan activators be screened for melanoma? However, none of the patients taking BPF interrupted the treatment. An increase in HDL was observed with bergamot from 50 to 54. Always talk to your doctor before using any over-the-counter dietary supplement, including bergamot. The new PMC design is here! Patients were enrolled in the study with mixed hyperlipidemia defined as LDL cholesterol > 120 mg/dl and triglycerides > 175 mg/dl, and serum glucose > 110 mg/dl. This fruit is primarily found in Southern Italy in the area known as Calabria with attributes that include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cholesterol reducing functions [2, 3]. To date, there has not been any definitive in vitro validation that flavonoids from bergamot share a similar mechanism for inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Citrus bergamia is sometimes confused with (but is not the same as): Citrus medica citron, the yellow fruit of which is also known as etrog; or Citrus limetta, the "sweet lemon" or "sweet lime". [12], Adulteration with cheaper products such as oil of rosewood and bergamot mint has been a problem for consumers. Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Mollace R, Bosco F, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Maretta A, Palma E, Iannone M, Morittu VM, Gratteri S, Muscoli C, Fini M, Mollace V. Lipid-lowering effect of bergamot polyphenolic fraction: role of pancreatic cholesterol ester hydrolase, Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents. Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis and eventual coronary artery disease. It comes from the Citrus bergamia plant, a fruit tree believed to be native to the Mediterranean region. People in the study had better results on several cognitive tests after taking bergamot. Most of the bergamot comes from a short stretch of land there, where the temperature is favourable. ", Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet: Effect of Inhaling Bergamot Oil on Depression-Related Behaviors in Chronic Stressed Rats., Taehan Kanho Hakoe Chi: Effects of Aroma Hand Massage on Pain, State Anxiety and Depression in Hospice Patients with Terminal Cancer., Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice: The effects of clinical aromatherapy for anxiety and depression in high risk postpartum women A pilot study., The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine: Effectiveness of aromatherapy massage and inhalation on symptoms of depression in Chinese community-dwelling older adults., Integrative Food, Nutrition and Metabolism: Clinical application of bergamot (Citrus bergamia) for reducing high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease markers., University of California Riverside Citrus Variety Collection: Bergamot sour orange hybrid.". No changes were observed in the placebo group. Antioxidant activity of citrus limonoids, flavonoids, and coumarins. University of Minnesota Taking Charge of Your Wellbeing: How Do I Choose and Use Essential Oils?, FDA: "Tips for Dietary Supplement Users. Mollace V, Ragusa S, Sacco I, Muscoli C, Sculco F, Visalli V, Palma E, Muscoli S, Mondello L, Dugo P, Rotiroti D, Romeo F. The protective effect of bergamot oil extract on lecitine-like oxyLDL receptor-1 expression in balloon injury-related neointima formation, Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics. However, it should be noted that each patient can serve as their own control since cholesterol was quantified prior to bergamot and at the completion of the study. The Accessibility Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein particles is a harmful form of cholesterol that results from free radical damage. This form of oxidative damage, along with increased inflammatory events, has been associated with atherosclerosis that ultimately alters cardiovascular blood flow. One possible explanation for this variability (i.e. Bergamot may cause your blood sugar to drop. Human subjects in the bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF) group received 650 mg taken twice daily and subjects in the bergamot polyphenol fraction phytosomal formulation group (BPF Phyto) received 500 mg taken twice daily; both were taken for 30 days. Strikers FC Academy is focused on football development for players in Ghana and across Africa. Patients were directed to take 2 capsules daily (total 500 mg of bergamot fruit extract and 220 mg phytochemical complex blend) for 12 weeks. Ferlazzo N, Visalli G, Smeriglio A, Cirmi S, Lombardo GE, Campiglia P, Di Pietro A, Navarra M. Flavonoid Fraction of Orange and Bergamot Juices Protect Human Lung Epithelial Cells from Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Oxidative Stress, Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM. [11] The fruit is not generally grown for juice consumption. Consistently in all of the clinical trials bergamot appeared to be well tolerated with studies ranging from 30 days to 6 months. Decreases in serum glucose were observed with BPF from 120 to 98 and BPF Phyto from 124 to 96. However, much "Bergamot oil" is today derived instead from eau de Cologne mint, also known as bergamot mint, which is a variety of water mint and is unrelated to citrus. Multiple clinical trials have provided evidence that different forms of orally administered bergamot can reduce total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It may also help to increase good HDL cholesterol and has the potential to be an effective supplement to cholesterol drugs. A water-based solution in a spray bottle. There are several weaknesses in the design of several of the clinical trials that used an open label design (Table 1). The Stazione Sperimentale per le Industrie delle Essenze e dei Derivati dagli Agrumi (Experimental Station for Essential Oil and Citrus By-Products) located in Reggio di Calabria, was the quality control body for the essential oil Bergamotto di Reggio Calabria DOP. A second mechanism that has been proposed with bergamot polyphenols is the activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). No significant differences existed between the two different formulations of bergamot in this clinical trial. HDL was increased by 25.9% (500 mg of bergamot) and by 39% (1,000 mg of bergamot). Rats receiving bergamot polyphenol fraction at 10 mg/kg by oral gavage were found to inhibit pCEH activity. and transmitted securely. Several studies suggested that bergamot polyphenols can reduce triglycerides and increase HDL-C, however, the results were not consistent across all studies. One such example includes the bergamot fruit that has been investigated in pre-clinical and clinical studies for improving dysplipidemia. Naringin-inhibited-cholesterol also induced elevation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in endothelial cells. 160 190 mg/dl) [31]. A study by Di Donna et al in 2009 proposed two molecules from bergamot, neohesperidin and naringin, as sharing structural similarity to statins [23]. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Kaplan R, Aynedjian HS, Schlondorff D, Bank N. Renal vasoconstriction caused by short-term cholesterol feeding is corrected by thromboxane antagonist or probucol. In addition, naringin was found to be hepatoprotective while lovastatin was not found to be hepatoprotective. They were then administered 1500 mg of BPF daily. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including superoxide (O2), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radicals (OH) can directly damage cells in the cardiovascular system and induce proinflammatory events. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Additionally, one patient who was non-responsive to statin therapy (20 mg) was enrolled and was directed to take 720 mg of F105 for the duration of the study during the evening meal. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that BPF can reduce total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides. There hasnt been enough research yet to confirm the results, and theres no conclusive evidence that it can help with depression in other populations. [citation needed]. At least 95% of published reviews are verified reviews, Top 1% trending shops that obtained and published the most verified reviews in the last 30 days, Top 5% shops that obtained and published the most verified reviews of all time, We use cookies to improve your experience, analyze site traffic and send targeted advertisements. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This mini-review reports on the clinical studies performed with different forms of bergamot along with their effectiveness in reducing total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Bergamot was observed to decrease total cholesterol from 255 to 224, LDL cholesterol from 159 to 132, and triglycerides from 159 to 133. A more recent study by Leopoldini reported through computational modelling that bergamots statin-like molecules bind to HMG-CoA at Arg590, Ser684, Asp690, Lys692, and Lys735 residues, as well as at the nonpolar amino acids [24]. A reduction of total cholesterol (7.3%), LDL cholesterol (10%), and apolipoprotein B (2.8%) was observed. If you have diabetes, your blood sugar might reach unsafe levels. The bergamot orange is unrelated to the herbs known as bergamot, wild bergamot, bergamot mint, or bergamint Monarda didyma, Monarda fistulosa, and Eau de Cologne mint (the taxonomy of which is disputed). These results show that 14 days of consecutive administration of bergamot oil antagonized the effects of smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation in the rat carotid artery following angioplasty. We pride ourselves with our proven youth development programs for young elite players. A statistically significant decrease in triglycerides, LDL and total cholesterol was observed. 2018- Strikers FC Academy . To protect the reputation of their produce, the Italian government introduced tight controls, including testing and certificates of purity. Synergistic in vitro antioxidant activity and observational clinical trial of F105, a phytochemical formulation including Citrus bergamia, in subjects with moderate cardiometabolic risk factors, Canadian journal of physiology and pharmacology. University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice. TG and HDL-C) is that bergamot preparation, extraction, and standardization varied in several studies. Careers. The bergamot is a citrus fruit native to southern Italy. We groom talented players with the right technical, tactical and mental skills to enable them to compete as professional players at the highest level in football anywhere. Take as a supplement. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (200225 g) received a normal diet or a high cholesterol diet. If youve ever had Earl Grey tea, then youve tasted the flavor of bergamot. Even if you dont have diabetes, bergamot could make it harder for doctors to control your blood sugar during surgery. Increasing the expression of LDL receptor is beneficial for promoting the endocytosis of cholesterol rich LDL. The results of five different clinical trials (Table 1) using bergamot in various forms suggest the polyphenol fraction can lower LDL-C and total cholesterol. Pancreatic cholesterol ester hydrolase (pCEH) represents an additional target in disrupting cholesterol synthesis. [13] During World War II, Italy was unable to export to countries such as the Allied powers. Patients were randomized into three groups as follows: 1) placebo (n=20) 2) bergamot polyphenol fraction (n=20) and 3) bergamot polyphenol fraction phytosomal formulation (n=20). PMC legacy view After 30 days, those patients receiving BPF had changes in total cholesterol (25%) and LDL (27.6%) without reappearance of statin toxicity. Citrus bergamia has also been classified as Citrus aurantium subsp. ", Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology: Bergamot polyphenolic fraction supplementation improves cognitive functioning in schizophrenia: data from an 8-week, open-label pilot study., Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research: Prospective observational study: the role of a bergamot based nutraceutical in dyslipidaemia and arthralgia for subjects undergoing aromatase inhibitors based therapy. [3] Extracts have been used as an aromatic ingredient in food, tea, snus, perfumes, and cosmetics. Risitano R, Curro M, Cirmi S, Ferlazzo N, Campiglia P, Caccamo D, Ientile R, Navarra M. Flavonoid fraction of Bergamot juice reduces LPS-induced inflammatory response through SIRT1-mediated NF-kappaB inhibition in THP-1 monocytes. Previous studies have suggested that the essential oil contains up to 9396% volatile phytochemicals that include monoterpenes (2553%), linalool (220%) and linalyl acetate (1540%). Results presented in % SEM; mean values for cohorts were not provided. You can add a few drops of bergamot oil to: Always check the instructions on the bottle to determine how much to use. A study by Mondello et al found that bergamot essential oil contains more than 100 volatile compounds while linalyl acetate and linalool were predominant in addition to limonene [16]. Prior to their enrollment to the bergamot study, human subjects stopped taking statins for 2 months. People use extracts from bergamots sour juice and oil from its peel for a variety of things including: Several studies have shown that bergamot may help to reduce overall cholesterol and bad LDL cholesterol. Our formula contains a breakthrough ingredient, Bergamonte which has been clinically shown to balance HDL, LDL and total cholesterol How To Take Take 1 capsule daily, preferably before a meal. However, there have been some promising early studies with animals. An essence extracted from the aromatic skin of this sour fruit is used to flavour Earl Grey and Lady Grey teas,[9] as well as confectionery (including Turkish delight). about navigating our updated article layout. In vitro mechanistic studies have provided evidence that polyphenols from the bergamot can alter the function of AMPK and pancreatic cholesterol ester hydrolase (pCEH). A second outcome that was measured included the pharmacokinetics of key flavonoids found in bergamot including naringin, naringenin, and naringenin glucuronide. Achieved an all-time record of 100 published verified reviews within one calendar month. Further research beyond 30 days would be needed to determine if rosuvastatin and BPF can safely continue to be taken in combination. There are a variety of phytochemicals that have been found in the bergamot including brutieridin and melitidin as well as other flavonoids, flavones O-glucosides and C-glucosides. Brannt, William Theodore; Schaedler, Karl. Toth PP, Patti AM, Nikolic D, Giglio RV, Castellino G, Biancucci T, Geraci F, David S, Montalto G, Rizvi A, Rizzo M. Bergamot Reduces Plasma Lipids, Atherogenic Small Dense LDL, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Subjects with Moderate Hypercholesterolemia: A 6 Months Prospective Study. An official website of the United States government. Neoeriocitrin, naringin and neohesperidin have all been isolated and identified in bergamot. What It Does Promotes healthy cardiovascular function* Decreases LDL (bad) cholesterol* Increases HDL (good) cholesterol* Lowers triglycerides* Helps balance blood sugar* How It Works Bergamot, a rare citrus fruit that only grows in a small part of Italy, has been prized for its proven and numerous health benefits. The atherogenic index was 1.09 0.10 in the C. bergamia-treated group as compared with 3.09 0.20 in the hypercholesterolemic group. The academy is established to help players from Ghana and across Africa gain recognition and advance their football careers. An open label clinical trial evaluated bergamot derived extract in 80 human subjects (42 men and 38 women, mean age 55 13) with moderate hypercholesterolemia (i.e. Choe SC, Kim HS, Jeong TS, Bok SH, Park YB. [15] Bergamot is one of the most common "casings" (flavorings) added to Swedish snus, a form of smokeless tobacco product. Leopoldini M, Malaj N, Toscano M, Sindona G, Russo N. On the inhibitor effects of bergamot juice flavonoids binding to the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR) enzyme. Along with the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis, there are known dose related side effects shown in estimates as high as 22% of patients utilizing statins, including liver disease or severe myopathy [9, 10]. 8600 Rockville Pike A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated bergamot (500 mg or 1,000 mg per day) for three months to reduce total cholesterol, reduce LDL, and increase HDL [34]. Address: Jeremy J. Johnson, PharmD, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Pharmacy MC886, Department of Pharmacy Practice Room 164, Chicago Illinois, 60612. Marotta SM, Giarratana F, Parco A, Neri D, Ziino G, Giuffrida A, Panebianco A. Biochemical data also reported that histological preparations of the kidney suggests that bergamot juice prevented the development of renal damage from hypercholesterolemia.