The effects of climate disruption will increasingly define the reliability and resiliency of the grid. Mr. Giroti is a certified information systems auditor (CISA) and has been granted four patents in the areas of SOA/XML/IT platforms. Improve outage response with real-time intelligence, and deliver consistent and reliable energy across your distribution grid. Many SG & DR projects are hitting performance bottlenecks due to architectural constraints. 1.6. Centralize data collection and distribution functions into a single repository to drive business operations and analytic outcomes. (2011), a smart grid system has two types of information infrastructure; first, the information flows from sensors and electrical appliances to smart meters, which is achieved through Powerline Carrier (PLC) or wireless communications (Radio Frequency), such as ZigBee, 6LowPAN, Z-wave; secondly, it flows between SM and the utilitys data centers, which is achieved via internet-based solution. The R&D support to develop, create, and supply compatible equipment for successful operation is another challenge. MDM functionalities can usually be distributed over other systems instead of being present as separate systems. Modernize the grid, optimize grid performance and reliability, create greater efficiency and deliver cost savings through grid modernization. Smart metering. AMI features and capabilities include a Meter Data Management System, Consumer Awareness systems, Interactive Services for Regulation of Energy Demand, systems to assist with avoidance of Electricity-related fraud and time accurate billing services (Benzi et al., 2011). Application Interoperability & Centralization. This is equal to 1Mb of data gathering and storage per second. It also has the ability to transfer bidirectional communications of data. Home (local) area network (HAN/LAN): Home (local) area network (HAN or LAN) implement to in-home smart devices and appliances such as plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs), programmable communicating thermostats, in-home displays (IHD) and distributed energy generation facilities [82,83]. IT will need to develop a Strategic Smart Grid Architecture as opposed to an Accidental Architecture.. IT has never had the motivation, the business drivers or the budget to develop a strategic architecture or develop a standardized approach to integration. Successfully tackling these challenges will enable organizations to clearly execute on their vision of developing a Real-Time Integration Architecture that will serve as a foundation for all SG & DR programs. If each transaction is 1,000 bytes (1Kb) then 1Kb x 1111 transactions = 1,111 Kb are required per second. MDM system includes a set of software tools and databases, built on top of the MDC system, whose primary functions include the validation, estimation, and editing (VEE) of meter data that are later passed to other utility systems, as billing systems, even in case of disruption of meter data flows. Wide area network (WAN): Wide area network (WAN) provides communication between smart grid and utility grid, which collects data from multiple NANs and sends it to control center [85]. Cybersecurity is another important consideration. Such capabilities are possible only with a Real-Time Enterprise Integration Architecture (RTEIA), where immediacy of data is critical and data flows seamlessly between applications and systems (with appropriate governance and security controls). Shubhani Aggarwal, Neeraj Kumar, in Advances in Computers, 2021. With over 90 million records, the detection of a needle in a haystack must work day after day, month after month, with little to no room for error. This may result in serious database performance issues. The WAN can cover over thousands of square miles area, so data transfer rates may be up to 10100Mbps [86]. There are also ventures going on in Germany, Spain, India, China, and other countries. This highlights the case that a point-to-point integration approach is not scalable, precludes future upgrades, and increases risk to the organization, as any change to the application would have a ripple effect on other downstream applications. Usually, an event is detected as data and message flows between applications. The NANs are used for data collection from smart meter to exchange energy data and control information between other components. Southern California Edison, Pacific gas and Electric, and American Electrical power are some of the projects in the United States. Each phase requires three separate connections, one for each phase. Presence among well-known manufacturers and achieving the first position of the region in domestic, competitive industrial products of smart grid equipment, especially smart meters, smart energy management systems (MDMS), building management systems (BMS), and grid monitoring, control and protection systems. Achieving technical knowledge and self-reliance on the design and production of hardware and software of energy management systems, BMS, smart homes, and IoT. The first is the meter data management system (MDMS), which is present inside the utility data and control center. One could assume that there may be 0.01% chance or 1 in every 10,000 meters that may send a last-gasp every day. Instead an enterprise data warehouse should be developed that leverages data from the transactional system to do historic reporting, trend analysis, ad-hoc reporting, what-if analytics, better planning, and forecasting. meter connection status, meter data, outage management etc). The ambitious objectives of Smart Grid, when combined with some early warning signs from those whove embarked on the journey, indicate that the role and complexity of IT is being grossly under-estimated, and that IT is going to play a more prominent, if not dominant, role in making Smart Grid a reality. Functional block diagram for future power system network (Fig. Thus, the current tactical approach that served companies well in the past will not scale to support the larger vision of Smart Grid and Demand Response. Thus, for a large number of Smart Meters, providing network access within a short period of time is a crucial requirement of an AMR application (Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications study report, 2010). India is fast progressing in developing smart grids to be integrated later into a giant smart network. The MDMS processes incoming raw data to generate useful statistics and provides energy usage information for customers. Compounding the issue, many of these interfaces are batch rather than real-time, with database links and proprietary code that is customized by writing more code within the application. That may work for low volume and low transaction pilots but will not scale to production quality volumes and bi-directional communication models as needed. Tony is the former Chairman of the IEEE; Past President of the IEEE Power Engineering Society; Chairman CISA/ISACA New England; and former President, CEO and Chairman of two venture capital-backed global technology companies. AMI allows collection of information and exchange of information among suppliers, utility companies, service providers and customers. Moreover, SMs are integrated into the BEMS and automatic functions are enabled when peak use approaches critical price thresholds or system constraints (Frderer, Lsch, Nver, Ronczka, & Schmeck, 2019). Moreover, if the CIS is ever to be replaced, the MDM integration with CIS will require redesign and rework. To make extensive use of HAN, customers are usually asked to register for different electricity services offered by the utilities by way of the utilities' portals. R. Bago, M. Campos, in Eco-Friendly Innovation in Electricity Transmission and Distribution Networks, 2015. The basic component of an AMI system is the Smart Meter which sends meter readings in a scheduled manner to the MDMS. TPC-C is a transaction processing benchmark that can be used to do performance related planning that might be required to manage the transaction load and throughput. Provide the ability to calculate interval-based billing determinants, rate analytics, exception management and work management reporting. Time-synchronized stamped data obtained from voltage, current and phase angles plays the most vital function. Yeliz YoldaAhmet nenS.M. AMI system data integration with other information and management systems, including the geographic information and outage management systems enable the utilities to create detailed outage maps; this helps the end-users to know about the service restoration progress. Data concentrators are used to concentrate the communication and management of a set of smart meters into one single device, facilitating the gathering of the information from the smart meters, grouping the communications to them, and therefore reducing the cost of the overall operations. Automatic meter infrastructure (AMI) differs from traditional AMR in that it may have two-way communication with the meters. Self-reliance on smart grid ICT and data center infrastructure. Data continues to be locked in silos and sharing becomes a significant challenge over time. Smart Grid and Demand Response initiatives will require real-time integration of applications and systems to enable real-time communication and timely sharing of data to make informed decisions. For a million meters, this data amounts to roughly 1,111 TPS (transactions per second). The vital element of AMI system is smart meters that support various functions such as measuring electricity consumption of customers on different time-intervals, monitoring the on/off status of electricity, and measuring the voltage levels. Utilities are therefore able to not only know current daily electricity use in a matter of hours but also to estimate in a much better and accurate way the expected electricity immediate future use from their customers, increasing the overall grid operation efficiency. A Complex Event Processing infrastructure is required to detect system and business events. Simplify implementation and reduce IT/maintenance costs by minimizing the number of maintained interfaces between collection and billing systems, and improve the interoperability of applications with centralized interfaces to AMI and back-office systems. The realization of smart grid is not without challenges. For example, a brand-new AMI head-end may be connected to a 20-year-old legacy billing system. To be reactive and tactical in responding to problems as they appear. Data Collected Per Hour = 1 MB x 60 x 60 = 3.6GB. Unfortunately, the power industry has traditionally been a laggard in adopting Information Technology (IT), either because of a lack of funding or the absence of business drivers mandating the development of a strategic IT architecture. Efficiently operate the OpenWay solution across all devices and communications technologies. The pictorial representation of AMI is as shown in Fig. This is equal to over 90 million transactions per day. Non real-time integration requirements via batch-data or passive flow of data can be leveraged appropriately for non real-time decision-making. Robust validation, estimation and editing (VEE) for interval and register data to meet data quality standards, supply billing determinants and support non-billing scenarios. With these technologies, it covers long distances up to 110 square miles and the data rate is around 101000Kbps [86]. The second is the smart meters, which are located basically in the consumer's periphery. Allow for automatic estimation, gap fill interrogation and exception tracking (and the tools to resolve issues). Padhy, in Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016. Achieving technical knowledge of design and production of local and wide area monitoring, control, and protection systems, distribution automation, and SACADA systems. This network can be designed based on wired and wireless communication technologies such as WiMAX, 3G and 4G. According to Gungor et al. Transactions such as triggers to connect/disconnect a customers Smart Meter could originate from the CIS application, perhaps based upon a change in customer status, or an outage pattern could be detected based upon consistent last-gasp reads from a localized set of meters. Its highly challenging to send the last gasp message within the delay boundary as all of the smart meters are bound to operate without battery power relying on capacitive charge only. A large volume of transactions will also need to be written into the database. There are several smart grid projects being pursued all over the world. HANs are implemented at residential consumer places to manage consumers' installed in-home devices as (1) displays to present instantaneous electricity consumption, time-based electricity prices, planned outages, etc. 4. According to the vision of the Iran smart grid and its technology development and considering upstream documents, the goals of the Iran smart grid technology development are listed below: Achieving the technology cycle of smart grid equipment manufacturing. AMI is a complicated communication network and information technology infrastructure, which includes meter data management system, revenue management and asset management. Tony Giroti is the Chairman & CEO of BRIDGE Energy Group Inc. and has over 23 years of experience in managing information technology products, platforms and applications. It also has the ability to transfer bidirectional communications of data. Based on a RF/Zigbee communications network, Smart Meters act as an aggregator and send data to the data collection unit where a system controller transfers the aggregated data to the Meter Data Management System (MDMS). Making the smart grid work requires different IT systems to talk to one another reliably and efficiently. Utilize AMI data to extend and expand value to innovative use cases like distributed intelligence and smart city applications. The data provides the basis to calculate percent damping for inter area and local area oscillations, sensitivities such as V/P, P; angular difference between bus voltages and transmission loadability. At a central control center, SCADA is provided. Their strategy is directed toward security of supply, competitiveness, and sustainability. The AMR system allows meters to be read by utility personnel over wireless links. Additionally, once organizations are able to mine volumes of usage, outage data, peak load and other market and operational data that will be collected from Smart Meters and other applications, this information will need to be sourced and consolidated from disparate systems such as meter readings from MDM, operational data from SCADA, customer data from CIS and outage data from OMS. P.S.R. The basic block diagram of AMI is shown in Fig. There is a significant amount of literature available on AMI and AMR applications for SGs (Gungor et al., 2012; Paudyal et al., 2011; Sauter and Lobashov, 2011; Zaballos et al., 2011). Either way, such a transaction needs to be processed when it occurs. Data concentrators, if present, can communicate with their set of smart meters using different technologies such as power line carrier (PLC), wireless, etc. One important component of HAN is IHD that allows measuring how much power is consumed and displaying real-time energy price to the customers. We used AMI and MDMS data to determine accurate, hourly load profiles for 5,400 transformers to identify overloading, and then awarded bill credits for our customers who reduced consumption during peak events., We have achieved enrollment of nearly 1 million participants (one of the largest in the country) across all of our demand response programs and have realized a significant reduction in load during our incentive program.. Moreover, the integration gap continues to widen over time as custom code is written for each P2P interface. Deliver operational efficiency while revolutionizing and accelerating business value. When multiple systems are involved, and each is individually connected to others, the result is sometimes called spaghetti integration as shown in Figure 11.4. Transactional data collected from customer meters can quickly reach staggering proportions that will require significant storage capacity and an information life cycle management approach to managing the data based upon some strategic approach where the value of data or at least that level of granularity, will gradually diminish over time. Logical representation of SG automatic metering infrastructure. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Figure16.1. As a result, the motivation for creating a strategic IT architecture, also known as an Enterprise Architecture (EA), has not been compelling to date. Distribution feeder automation allows, as pointed out earlier, utilities to create a comprehensive solution to smart grid operation. In this case, MBE alludes to the capability where an abnormal condition, such as an exception, or an error requires special attention without any significant overhead or management on the rest of the system. Increasing export capacity of engineering services and smart grid equipment. Although it is recognized that deployments of most advanced AMI platforms in the European Nordic countries have been driven by regulatory factors, these deployments provide benefits to all parties involved, including the utilities, consumers, and society in general. The corresponding figures contemplated for the year 2030 stand at 40%, 27%, and 27%30%, respectively. The first is the meter data management system (MDMS), which is present inside the utility data and control center. As a consequence of these new services offered by the utilities, customers can also benefit from the deployment of AMI platforms. 25.1). and (2) load control devices as load switches, thermostats, etc. Pankaj Gupta, Ashwani Kumar, in Advances in Smart Grid Power System, 2021. As a result there may be about 100 last-gasp messages per day that require a business action like automated self-healing or a work order creation and crew-dispatch. Transaction Volume =1,000,000/(15 x 60) = 1,111 tps. The sheer handling of such transaction load may be a significant challenge and will require careful planning and selection of the appropriate communication technologies and MDM vendors. The Power industry needs to take a careful, hard look at these indicators, do appropriate course correction and reconcile with the role that IT will play in Smart Grid and Demand Response programs.